Comic #2957

I realised I needed Ishmael's last name for this strip, and I hadn't decided on one before now.

I would have used Melville, but that's already the name of his dorm building at the university, so using it as his surname as well would have been too much of a coincidence.


2025-11-23 Rerun commentary: I'm now wondering what this implies about Ishmael's circle of friends.

Comic #2956

Surgery puns! Ah ha ha ha ha ha! They cut me up!

What do they do to you?


2025-11-22 Rerun commentary: Kelly and Sabrina are, of course, named after two of the original Charlie's Angels.

Comic #2955

I'm sure many of you have had this experience, of hearing or seeing something that you think is a bit strange, but everyone around you just carries on naturally as if they've known about it for ages. So you just go along as well, not wanting to give the impression that this apparently common-knowledge thing is new to you.

And then you discover later that it really was weird, but that everyone else was goranully thinking the same thing as you and not wanting to draw attention to it.


2025-11-21 Rerun commentary: I just did an Internet search for "goranully" and found exactly one instance of this word being used. Surprisingly, it wasn't this web page. It's here, on a technical discussion about mathematics on Wikipedia. See, it is a cromulent word.

Comic #2954

It's tricky knowing just how much real German to use without making this completely opaque to English speakers who don't really know any German.

Of course in doing so I also probably make it at least murky to German speakers too.


2025-11-20 Rerun commentary: Never has there been a sentence beginning with "Surely" that was less assured.

Comic #2953

Now this is some flashback.


2025-11-19 Rerun commentary: That primordial swirl is pretty colourful. This is pretty much the definitive scientific visualisation of what the universe looked like in the seconds following the Big Bang.

Comic #2952

Apparently a puppet state is also sometimes called a "marionette state".

I envision a government run by Jeff Tracy and Lady Penelope from Thunderbirds.


2025-11-18 Rerun commentary: The Germans did use zeppelins as bombing platforms against the British in World War I, but in our history by World War II they had been phased out. Hermann Göring, first head of the Luftwaffe, didn't trust the lighter-than-air flying machines and had all remaining ones dismantled and recycled into planes.

Comic #2951

I've always wondered how you're supposed to pronounces "Messrs".

Wikipedia's page for Mr. indicates a French pronunciation and an Anglified one, which basically matches the crude version I've always assumed in my head.


2025-11-17 Rerun commentary: At least she didn't slap me this time.

Comic #2950

Sarcasm in words of one syllable or less.


2025-11-16 Rerun commentary: You can't see Lambert in the last three panels because he's already fast asleep. That sky is really dark.

Comic #2949

A literal case of Requisite Royal Regalia. That trope is not quite right - I was hoping to find one about the king's right to rule depending on having the regalia, and if the regalia is lost, then the king must stand down. I guess that's less common in fiction or reality than the impression I got as a kid from reading King Ottokar's Sceptre.


2025-11-15 Rerun commentary: With the recent theft of the crown jewels of France, France no longer has a rightful king! Whoa!

Comic #2948

There's always a catch.


2025-11-14 Rerun commentary: Being wheeled in for a medical procedure is always a bit unsettling. You know it's important, but there's nothing you can do to help. Except be kind and grateful to your doctors and nurses. Always be nice to medical staff.

Comic #2947

If you could pick any era in history to go to, would anyone pick the 1980s?

I mean apart from the opportunity to see Duran Duran in concert? (In their prime that is - they're still performing now, apparently.)


2025-11-13 Rerun commentary: It's 14 years after this comic was originally published and Duran Duran are still releasing albums and performing live shows. Also, what the hell was I thinking, saying that nobody would choose the 1980s to go to? Any earlier time would be more primitive and not as comfortable and fun. And as time progresses further and society changes in unsettling ways, I feel more and more nostalgic and have reached the conclusion that the 1980s was in fact the ideal time to grow up. I think I could happily live the rest of my life in the 1980s, if it were possible.

Comic #2946

Ah, Venus. For much the same reasons that our knowledge of Mars has increased explosively in the last 50 years, the same has happened for Venus.

Up until the 1960s, Venus was basically a complete mystery. We knew it was a planet almost the same size as Earth, and it had an atmosphere, and it had bright clouds in that atmosphere, but apart from that we knew virtually nothing. Because of the obscuring clouds, we couldn't see anything on its surface, and we didn't even know how fast the planet rotated.

Let's see. A planet roughly Earth sized, with atmosphere and lots of clouds, somewhat closer to the sun. Logically that means it's warm, and the clouds tell us it's wet. So it's probably covered with hot, steamy jungles. A sort of primitive world. Heck, there are probably dinosaurs there!

That's how popular thinking went in the first half of the 20th century. The scientific community wasn't so drawn to populating the planet with jungles and dinosaurs, but agreed that it must be warm and wet. Spectral signals from the atmosphere indicated a high concentration of carbon dioxide. This would dissolve into an equilibrium state with the oceans of water, creating oceans of carbonated water. What an exotic and exciting thought! In the not-too-distant future we could take interplanetary holidays in this tropical paradise and swim in oceans of fizzy water.

It wasn't until 1962 that we got our first inkling of what Venus was really like. As part of the space race, the US and Soviet Union competed to be the first to send probes to our sister planet. The American Mariner 2 probe was the first success (after the failed Soviet Venera 1). From a fly-by of the planet, Mariner 2 returned microwave radiometer scan data indicating that parts of the atmosphere had a temperature of around 500 K (230°C or 450°F). This implied that the surface might be even hotter.

The next big success came with the Venera 4 lander in 1967. The landing capsule was designed to float, in case it happened to land in an ocean of soda water. The descent parachute was temperature proofed to 450°C, and the capsule was made to withstand pressures of up to around 100 atmospheres. None of this helped. After reporting that the atmosphere of Venus was 95% carbon dioxide, with virtually no trace of water at all, and with temperature climbing above what Mariner 2 had reported, and the atmospheric pressure a crushing 22 atmospheres and still rising, Venera 4 stopped transmitting.

This was something of a shock. The Soviets realised a Venus probe would not be landing in water, so didn't bother designing future probes to float. In 1970, Venera 7 finally became the first probe to land on another planet. It reported the temperature on the surface was a staggering 460°C (860°F), and the pressure over 90 atmospheres. The brave probe lasted 23 minutes before these hellish conditions destroyed it.

The clouds? Those beautiful white clouds that make Venus so alluring? They turned out to be made of sulphuric acid, not water.

And so, in the course of a few years of astonishing scientific discovery, Venus went from a welcoming tropical paradise of dinosaurs and fizzy oceans to one of the nastiest places imaginable in the entire solar system. But that makes it even more fascinating, because now it's something we know about. Venus is a place, a destination, not merely a dream in our minds.


2025-11-12 Rerun commentary: This web page from The Planetary Society has every single image humans have ever captured on the surface of Venus. It's not an overwhelming catalogue of thousands upon thousands of photos like we have from Mars. It's six images. Two captured in 1975 and four from 1982, all from Soviet lander probes. That's it. Venus may be a place, but it's one we know very little about.

Comic #2945

That was pretty much the secret to not being attacked by Nazi Germany. Don't negotiate any sort of non-aggression agreement with them.


2025-11-11 Rerun commentary: Fortunately, I've never negotiated a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany. I'd strongly advise you not to, either.

Comic #2944

Oooh, tough audience.

One could say that levity is the opposite of gravity...


2025-11-10 Rerun commentary: Those pesky missing feet messed up the proportions in the last panel pretty badly. Panel 2 looks okay, but by panel 4 I've somehow grown to twice the size of Newton and Halley. I guess I'm one of those giants he wanted to stand on the shoulders of.

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